ქართული ,,მაჩუ-პიქჩუ"

                         qarTuli ,,maCu-piqCu”

    sofel urbnisSi arsebuli eklesia VI saukunisaa. swored mis gaTxras gegmavs Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis arqeologiuri eqspedicia uaxloes momavalSi. ,,aq aris bevri romauli xanis samarxi, aq aucileblad iqneba romauli minis WurWeli”. _ aRniSnavs arqeologi  vaxtang liCeli.

siaxlea sauniversiteto praqtikaSi, arqeologiuri eqspediciebis saxiT. arqeologebis interesis sfero moicavs qarTls, samcxe-javaxeTs, TrialeTs da dasavleT saqarTvelos.  vaxtang liCelis TqmiT, mTavaria studentebis mTlianad CarTva am eqspediciebSi, raTa maT Sexeba hqondeT yvela periodis arqeologiur masalasTan: ,,30 aTasze meti nivTi aris Cveni studentebisa da magistrantebis xeliT mopovebuli, 99 procenti aris maTi gakeTebuli. es Taobaa, romelmac imuSava konkretul Zeglze ,,grakliani gora.” reqtoratTan SeTanxmebiT, arqeologebi gegmaven, rom erT-erTi  eqspedicia gadaiqces saswavlo-praqtikul eqspediciad, romelSic monawileobas miiRebs yvela is axalgazrda, vinc dainteresebulia arqeologiiT.

arqeologia, rogorc mecniereba, romelsac kvlevis sakuTari meTodebi aqvs, XVIII saukunis bolosa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda, Tumca siZveleebisadmi interess uZvelesi droidanve iCendnen. jer kidev Zv. w. VI saukuneSi, babilonis mefe nabonidis brZanebiT, Txridnen Zvel sasaxleTa nangrevebs da aRricxavdnen yovelgvar monapovars, umTavresad ki warwerebs. termini „arqeologia“ siZveleTmcodneobis mniSvnelobiT, pirvelad platonma gamoiyena (Zv. w. IV s).

arqeologia saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi Caisaxa, Tumca arqeologiur gaTxrebs epizoduri xasiaTi hqonda. arqeologiur ZeglTa Tavmoyrisa da Seswavlis cdebi dakavSirebulia 1852 wels daarsebul kavkasiis muzeumTan (amJamad s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumi) da 1873 wels d. baqraZis iniciativiT daarsebul kavkasiis arqeologiis moyvarulTa sazogadoebasTan.

arqeologi vaxtang liCeli ixsenebs: ,,Zalian warmatebuli iyo samuSaoebi  “graklian goraze,” sadac sruliad unikaluri masala aRmoCnda. misi qronologiuri CarCoebi daaxloebiT, samasi aTas wels moicavs. erT adgilas koncentrirebuli samasi aTasi weli, es Zalian mniSvnelovani da unikaluri arqeologiuri Zeglia.” misi TqmiT, aq kvlavac igegmeba samuSaoebi. wamyvani Zala axalgazrdoba iqneba (studentebi, magistrantebi,  doqtorantebi).

samxreT saqarTveloSi, Tmogvis teritoriaze, auarebeli samarxia koncentrirebuli. am velze, romelsac ,,berTa yana” ewodeba, aseulobiT gauTxreli samarxi Cans, romelsac Zebna ar sWirdeba.  vaxtang liCelis TqmiT, ,,es aris saocari sanaxavi, qarTuli ,,maCu-piqCu”. am teritoriaze Seuswavleli darCa ramdenime Zegli, romelic wels dasruldeba. garda amisa, Tsu-s studentebma ramdenime regionis Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT fotodaSifrireba moaxdines, aseve arqeologiuri Zeglis Zieba _ aerofotoebis saSualebiT (satelituri fotoebi).

 arqeologiurma eqspediciam, wesisamebr eqvsi kvira unda imuSaos, rom Sedegi miiRos. magram aris SemTxvevebi, roca saswrafo samuSaoebia Casatarebeli. maSin ki TveobiT muSaoben, weliwadis nebismier dros.

arsebobs sadazvervo samuSaoebi, romelSic mcire jgufebi iReben monawileobas, savele samuSaoebSi ki ufro bevri adamiania CarTuli. arqeologiuri eqspedicia gadarCeniTi samuSaoebisTvis (igoeTi samTavisi), Tebervlis TveSi igegmeba. goris trasasTan arsebobs taZris naSTebi, romelic Zveli welTaRricvis II-I saukuneebis Zeglia. mis gaTxras maisSi gegmaven.  vaxtang liCeli ambobs: ,,rogorc wigni, ise unda gadavSaloT. am trasaze dReSi TxuTmeti aTasi manqana gaivlis. warmoidgineT, TxuTmeti aTasi adamiani erT dReSi rom Sexedavs saqarTvelos mTel istorias”.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, arqeologiuri samuSaoebisTvis finasnebs universiteti gamoyofs. magaliTad, dazvervebi mTlianad universitetis xarjebiT Sesrulda.

arqeologiis fakultetis magistri, koba koberiZe erT-erT studentur sadazvervo jgufs xelmZRvanelobda. sul 4 jgufi gaigzavna sxvadasxva adgilas. quTaisidan samxreTi teritoria 4 kacianma jgufma dazvera (deguTis CrdiloeTi, rionis pirebamde da rionis pirebidan dasavleTis mimarTulebiT, sayuriamde) 24 dekembridan 31 dekembris CaTvliT. ,,ZiriTadi mizani iyo dagvedasturebina arqeologiuri namosaxlari”. – ambobs koba koberiZe.  yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac rionis marjvena sanapiroze naxes, ofSkviTis samxreT teritoriaze, adre antikuri elinisturi xanis samosaxlo iyo, farTo qronologiiT Zv.w.aR. VI_I saukuneebi. jgufis xelmZRvaneli aRniSnavs: ,,es aris Zalian farTo samosaxlo, daaxloebiT 5 heqtarze. am miwaze vpoulobdiT baTqaSis fragmentebs, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom aq aucileblad iyo samosaxlo.”  am periodSi saxlebs TixiT  aSenebdnen da baTqaSis narCenebi am Tixis narCenebia. erT SemTxvevaSi, baTqaSis fragmentebze Zelis anabeWdebia dadasturebuli. koba koberiZis TqmiT, ar aris gamoricxuli es samosaxlo vanTan iyos dakavSirebuli, radgan vani mdinaris marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs, es samosaxlo ki marjvena sanapirozea da isini teritoriulad axlos arian erTmaneTTan.

arqeologiaSi mniSvnelovani etapia aRmoCenili nivTebis restavracia-konservacia. amas specifikuri samuSao sWirdeba. jer unda Semowmdes nivTi, misi mdgomareoba. unda gaukeTo analizi, sarestavracio gegma da am gegmis mixedviT, moaxdino nivTis restavracia. amas sWirdeba garkveuli periodi da Tavisi wesebi. rezo lomTaZe, restavratori: ,,magaliTad, vakeTebT keramikis restavracias, romelic aris gatexili. am SemTxvevaSi, keTdeba misi fotofiqsacia, gegma, Tu rogor unda aewyos es nivTi da amis mixedviT vmuSaob. vakeTeb rekonstruqcias, rom vizualurad mTlianobaSi davinaxo nivTi. awyobis Semdeg, Tu sadme aris nakluli adgilebi, fiqsirdeba, rom Semdeg TabaSiriT amoivsos da mTliani forma aRqmadi gaxdes. pirveladi rekonstruqciis Semdeg, nivTi, webos saSualebiT, mTlianad ewyoba da xdeba nakluli adgilebis TabaSiriT amovseba. TabaSiri keramikis msgavsi tonalobiT ifereba, Semdeg nivTi yvelafrisgan sufTavdeba, es iqneba TabaSiris mtveri Tu zed moyolili nivTis nadebebi. bolos xdeba misi konservacia, aseve specialuri nivTierebebiT”. aRdgenis sirTule nivTze aris damokidebuli. nivTebi gradusebis mixedviT unda iyos Senaxuli. saangariSo gamofenebs, arqeologiuri laboratoriidan, yovelwliurad awyoben. rogorc wesi, dizains studentebi akeTeben. gasuli wlis 28-29 dekembers, universitetis me-8 korpusSi, kidev erTi saangariSo gamofena moewyo.

wyalqveSa arqeologia

 vaxtang liCeli wyalqveSa arqeologiiTac iyo dakavebuli. ramdenime weli faravnis tbaze muSaobda (2006, 2007, 2008 wlebSi). es samuSaoebi Semdegi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli: faravnis tbis TiTqmis centrSi, im adgilas, sadac sofeli faravani mdebareobs, meTevzeebma naxes qvis grova, romelic bades da TevzWeras xels uSlida. am faqts yuradReba geologebma da hidrologebma miaqcies. roca misi grafikuli samganzomilebiani gadaReba gakeTda, gairkva, rom igi ocdaaTi metri diametris mqone qvayrilia da rom Tavisi konfiguraciiT, is Zalian axlos dgas samarxebTan, romlebic am teritoriazea cnobili da Zveli welTaRricxvis III_II aTaswleulebs ganekuTneba. amitom, bunebrivia gaCnda SekiTxva, rogor SeiZleba III_II aTaswleulebis samarxi Sua tbaSi aRmoCeniliyo?! vaxtang liCeli aRniSnavs: ,,es iyo ara mxolod arqeologiuri problema, aramed geologiuric. dasadgeni iyo samarxisa da kulturuli naSTebis arseboba. samarxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ras unda gamoewvia wylis dagroveba da misi dafarva. amitom, samuSaoebi geologebTan erTad vawarmoeT. Cveni partniori profesori beJan TuTberiZe iyo.” samuSaoebis Sedegad dadginda, rom es marTlac aris samarxebis kompleqsi, romlis garSemoc koncentrirebuli iyo sxvadasxva periodis arqeologiuri masala.

wyalqveSa samuSaoebis dros, faravnis tbaSi xilvadoba nuli iyo. myvinTavebs xelis cecebiT unda moeZebnaT nivTebi. aRmoaCines Zveli welTaRricxvis I aTaswleulis keramikis fragmentebi, II aTaswleulis keramika, Suasaukuneebis nivTebi. ,,kulturuli naSTebi namdvilad aris, ubralod Cven ver davamTavreT es samuSaoebi, radgan dro ar gveyo amisTvis. amJamad, ar gvaqvs wyalqveSa arqeologiuri samuSaoebi, magram maqvs SeTavazeba germanel specialistebTan. miwveuli var haidelbergSi, wyalqveSa arqeologiur samuSaoebTan dakavSirebiT, raTa organizacia  gavukeToT wyalqveSa samuSaoebs saqarTveloSi. amis Semdeg, Cvens universitets eqneba seriozuli arqeologiuri SesaZlebloba, radganac saerTod arqeologia da miT umetes wyalqveSa samuSaoebi, Zalian ZviradRirebuli siamovnebaa”. – dasZens vaxtang liCeli.

sawyalosno arqeologiur proeqtSi, gasuli ori wlis manZilze, CarTuli  iyo ilias saxelmwifo universiteti.

SvedeT-saqarTvelos Soris arsebuli sawylosno arqeologiuri proeqtis safuZvelze, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis studentebis SvedeTSi vizitis Semdeg, proeqtis Svedi monawileebi saqarTveloSi Camovidnen (Ulrica Soderlind, Rubi Jaramillo, Stockholm University and Södertörn University).

2010 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi, eqspedicia, sawylosno arqeologiis ganxriT, ambrolauris raionSi imyofeboda, sofel uyeSSi, sadac jgufi Saoris tbaze, unar-Cvevebis daxvewis mizniT, praqtikul yvinTvebs axorcielebda. aRniSnuli tba zRvis donidan daaxloebiT 1500m-zea. Tavis mxriv, mTian  zonaSi yvinTva specialur momzadebas saWiroebs . swored am mizniT, SvedeTSi yofnisas, jgufis wevrebma maRalmTian  zonaSi yvinTvis specialuri kursebi gaiares (PADI system) da sertifikatebi aiRes.

Saoris tba proeqtis monawileebis mier imis gamo SeirCa, rom wyali am tbaSi sakmarisad civia da wyalqveS xilvadoba Zalian dabalia, rac xels uwyobs maRalmTian adgilebSi yvinTvis specialuri unar-Cvevebis dauflebas.

jgufis aqtivobebSi aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Ramis yvinTvebi, romlis safuZvelzec, eqspediciis monawileebma garkveuli unarebi SeiZines.

eqspediciis ganmavlobaSi jgufs eqskursiebic hqonda. Saoris tbis mimdebare teritoriaze nanaxma mRvimeebma, naTeli gaxada raWis regionSi arsebuli mRvimeebis,  rogorc sawylosno arqeologiuri Zeglebis Seswavlis saWiroeba.

proeqtSi monawile qarTveli studentebis warmatebuli saqmianoba gamoixateba maT mier saqarTveloSi ICAF jgufis CamoyalibebaSic (jgufis prezidenti paata donaZe), romelic saerTaSoriso ICAF-s (International comission on the anthropology on food and nourishmant) eqvemdebareba.

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis sazRvao arqeologiis  studentebma 7 kvira SvedeTis universitetSi gaatares. iq yofnisas, ioseb beritaSvilma, paata donaZem, madona mSvildaZem da Rubi Jaramillo-m (Stockholm University) swavla sawylosno arqeologiaSi gaagrZeles.

SvedeTSi aRniSnuli viziti, stokholmisa da ilias saxelmwifo universitetebs Soris, 2009 wels dawyebuli sawylosno arqeologiuri proeqtis gagrZeleba iyo, romelic daafinansa SvedeTis institutma da gaaerTiana  „marisTan“  (MARIS) da stokholmis universitetTan (Stockholm University). proeqtis sakontaqto piri ulrika soderlindia, stokholmis universitetidan (PhD Ulrica Söderlind, Stockholm University).

swavleba ZiriTadad, SvedeTSi da aseve olandis kunZulebze mimdinareobda. programa, yvinTvis sxvadasxva kursebTan erTad, moicavda samuSao meTodebis ufro Rrmad Seswavlas da wyalqveSa masalebis dokumentacias, rogorc Teoriulad ise praqtikulad.

zemoxsenebuli ilias saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi aseve CarTulebi iyvnen proeqtSi _ “Nautical and Naval foodways assessment”, romelic sawylosno arqeologiur kvleviT centr “MARIS”-is da sawylosno arqeologiis institutis ( INA - Institute of Nautical archaeology ) mxardaWeriT ganxorcielda.

2010 wlis ianvar-TebervalSi, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi (beritaSvili ioseb, donaZe paata, mSvildaZe madona), SvedeT-saqarTvelos  sawylosno arqeologiis farglebSi (romelic daiwyo 2009 wlis maisSi),  bodrumis (TurqeTi) sawylosno arqeologiis msoflio  wamyvan kvleviT institutSi INA (Institute  of  Natural  Archaeology) imyofebodnen.

studentebi monawileobas iRebdnen wyalqveS aRmoCenili masalis  restavrireba -konservaciaSi.  jgufma, mTavari konservatoris, kimberli  raSis meTvalyureobiT, Seiswavla konservaciis meTodebi wyalqveS  mopovebul masalebze, rogoricaa: xe, rkina, keramika, marmarilo.

jgufis aqtivobis Sedegad, proeqtis wevrebi miiwvies imave institutSi, sadac monawileoba miiRes proeqtSi ”Nautical and Navel Foodways Assessments,” romelic ganxorcielda ”MARIS”-Tan (Maritime Aechaeologicial Research Institue,  Contact Person  Ulrica  Soderlind) TanamSromlobis safuZvelze. proeqtis farglebSi, jgufs SesaZlebloba mieca, emuSava sawylosno arqeologiis arqivsa da muzeumSi.

proeqtis erT-erTi monawilis, ilias universitetis student ioseb beritaSvilis TqmiT, es 2 wliani proeqti ZiriTadad, praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis SeZenas moicavda da aRmoCenebze ar iyo orientirebuli. ,,Saoris tbaze SeviZineT maRal mTaSi yvinTvis unarebi, rac wnevebzea damokidebuli. Cvens universitetSi es axali dargia. SvedeTSi yofnisas, damatebiT gaviareT yvinTvis kursebi. Semdeg, jgufi wyalqveSa eqspediciaSi iRebda monawileobas, im teritoriaze, sadac wyalqveSa parkis gakeTebas apireben. es SvedeTSi axali aRmoCena iyo, radgan am teritoriaze Zalian bevri gemi da navia CaZiruli. Zvelad aq metalurgiuli centri iyo. rkinas adnobdnen da gemebiT gahqondaT sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. rkinebis aRmoCena socialuri kulturis aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT aris kargi, magram arqeologiis SemTxvevaSi, dgindeba, rogor moxda gemis CaZirva. wyalqveS xdeba am yvelafris Caxazva-Caxatva. saqarTveloSi, Savi zRvis sanapiroze SeiZleba aseTi wyalqveSa aRmoCenebis gakeTeba. wyalsacavze ar SeiZleba, radgan xelovnurad aris dagubebuli. bunebriv tbaze ufroa SesaZlebeli. magaliTad, faravnis tbaze iyo yorRanebi, Zveli samarxebi. mocemuli proeqti samomavlod iTvaliswinebs ara marto praqtikuli unar_Cvevebis gadmocemas, aramed mas kvleviTi saxec eqneba.” _ambobs iosebi.

arqeologebis mTavari mizania, gadaarCinon rac SeiZleba meti istoriuli Zegli. maT finansuri mxardamWerebic hyavT, eseni ucxoeli partniorebi arian. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, vinc Cvens qveyanaSi samSeneblo samuSaoebs awarmoebs, valdebulia, daafinansos arqeologiuri samuSaoebi.